Planning outline of ecological environment monitoring (2020-2035) | further stre
Addtime：2020-12-14 formTo：Sandy environment
Planning outline of ecological environment monitoring (2020-2035) | further strengthen the support and supervision of social monitoring institutions
The Ministry of ecological and environmental monitoring will issue the outline of ecological environment monitoring before 2035. The full text is as follows:
Outline of ecological environment monitoring plan
(2020-2035)
Ecological environment monitoring is the foundation of ecological environment protection and the important support of ecological civilization construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to the ecological environment monitoring work. They have brought the ecological environment monitoring into the overall situation of ecological civilization reform, and achieved unprecedented remarkable results. In order to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, scientifically plan the development of ecological environment monitoring, improve the modernization level of ecological environment monitoring, and effectively support the construction of ecological civilization and beautiful China, we will formulate this outline in accordance with the overall consideration of "14th Five-Year" and 2035.
1、 Planning background
（1） Main progress
From 2015 to 2017, the central leading group for comprehensively deepening the reform deliberated and approved the construction scheme of ecological environment monitoring network, the guiding opinions on the pilot reform of vertical management system of monitoring, supervision and law enforcement of environmental protection agencies below the provincial level, and the opinions on deepening the reform of environmental monitoring and improving the quality of environmental monitoring data for three consecutive years, which basically established an ecological environment Environmental monitoring management and institutional system of "four beams and eight pillars", ecological environment monitoring awareness of the height of unprecedented, the promotion of the work has made significant progress.
The basic ability has been improved significantly. There are more than 3500 monitoring management and technical institutions, about 60000 monitoring personnel, and 240000 monitoring personnel in various industries and social institutions. The monitoring force of the whole society has reached about 300000. Efforts have been made to promote the construction of ecological environment monitoring network. The state and local governments have built more than 5000 automatic monitoring stations for urban air quality, about 11000 surface water monitoring sections, about 80000 soil environmental monitoring points and more than 1500 radiation environmental quality monitoring points, covering all cities at or above the prefecture level and most districts and counties. We promoted the implementation of the main responsibility of self monitoring of pollution sources of pollutant discharge units, and 23000 key pollutant discharge units were connected with national platforms. 63 ground stations for ecological monitoring have been built. The environment-1 A / B / C satellite network has been put into operation. Gaofen-5 satellite has been successfully launched, initially forming an integrated ecological monitoring network.
The operation efficiency was significantly improved. Deepening the reform of ecological environment monitoring, according to the principle of "who evaluates, who monitors", comprehensively collects the national air and surface water environmental quality monitoring authority, and through the vertical management reform below the provincial level, the local ecological environment quality monitoring authority is transferred to the provincial level, which effectively prevents improper intervention from the institutional mechanism, and ensures the independence, objectivity and impartiality of environmental monitoring and evaluation. We will actively promote the purchase of monitoring services by the government, encourage social monitoring institutions to participate in the operation and maintenance of automatic monitoring stations, manual monitoring, sampling and testing, and quality control sampling, so as to form a diversified supply pattern of monitoring services.
The data quality has been improved significantly. Adhering to the principle of "fidelity" and "cracking down on counterfeiting", 1141 monitoring standards covering major fields have been formed, and a three-level quality control system of national, regional and institutional level has been established and effectively operated to ensure that monitoring activities have rules to follow. We cooperated with the Supreme People's court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate to issue "two high judicial interpretations" to criminalize fraud in environmental monitoring data, and established a case transfer mechanism with the Ministry of public security to crack down on illegal environmental monitoring activities. We continuously strengthened external quality supervision and inspection, found and seriously investigated two environmental data fraud cases in Xi'an and Linfen, effectively deterred local improper intervention and falsification of monitoring data, and effectively guaranteed the quality of monitoring data.
The support ability was improved obviously. Comprehensive analysis on environmental quality of air, water, soil, ecological conditions, radiation, noise and other elements should be carried out in depth. Various monitoring reports and information products should be prepared in a timely manner, and technical support for assessment ranking, pollution analysis, early warning and emergency response, supervision and law enforcement, and radiation safety supervision should be continuously deepened. We should regularly carry out the ranking of urban air and surface water environmental quality and the analysis of compliance, urge the local Party committee and government to implement the main responsibility of improving environmental quality; organize the monitoring of particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and dust fall in key areas, and gradually clarify the source of pollution; initially establish a four level air quality forecast system of national, regional, provincial and urban, and basically have 7 - In order to provide the basis for environmental supervision and environmental law enforcement, we should improve the monitoring system of pollution sources, and organize special quality inspection and sampling test of self-monitoring in key industries.
The service level has been significantly improved. China's Ecological Environment Status Bulletin is issued every year, and environmental quality reports are published regularly. The automatic monitoring data of air and surface water are disclosed in real time. It supports convenient query through websites, mobile app, microblog, wechat and other channels, so as to provide health guidance and travel reference for the public. We will promote the construction of national and local monitoring data networking and comprehensive information platform, and support management departments, local governments and relevant scientific research institutions to share applications. Fully liberalize the service-oriented monitoring market, meet the personalized needs of the public and enterprises and institutions for monitoring services, and promote the vigorous development of monitoring equipment manufacturing industry and monitoring technology service industry.
（2） Situation demand
It is necessary to comprehensively assist the construction of ecological civilization. The new round of reform of the party and state institutions has made it clear that the Ministry of ecology and the Ministry of the environment should exercise the functions of ecology, urban and rural areas in a unified way
（2） Situation demand
It is necessary to comprehensively assist the construction of ecological civilization. The new round of Party and state institutional reform has made it clear that the Ministry of ecology and environment should exercise the responsibility of supervision and administrative law enforcement of various types of pollution discharge in ecology and urban and rural areas. It is required to focus on strengthening the monitoring and evaluation function of ecological environment, comprehensively implement the monitoring of groundwater, water functional areas, river (SEA) sewage outlets, marine, agricultural non-point sources and greenhouse gases, and establish a corresponding ecological environment monitoring system. At the same time, the gradual improvement of ecological civilization construction system and mechanism, the in-depth implementation of green development policy and the continuous enhancement of scientific and technological innovation strength have released the dividends of rule of law, policy and technology for the continuous deepening of ecological environment monitoring reform and innovation.
It is necessary to accurately support pollution prevention and control. Eco environmental monitoring is the basic basis for objective evaluation of eco-environmental quality, reflecting the effect of pollution control, and implementing eco-environmental management and decision-making. At present, it is in the important stage of "three phases superposition" of pollution prevention and control. In order to achieve the goal of fundamental improvement of ecological environment quality in 2035, we need to strengthen efforts to solve the prominent ecological environmental problems such as heavy polluted weather, black and smelly water, garbage besieged city, ecological damage, etc., and systematically prevent regional, layout and structural environmental risks, so as to accelerate the development of ecological environment monitoring business and technology R & D, indicator accounting, standard formulation, information integration and data analysis further improve the timeliness, foresight and accuracy of monitoring and technical support.
We need to constantly meet the new expectations of the people. The urgent needs of the public for a healthy environment and beautiful ecology are increasing day by day, which puts forward higher and more detailed requirements for further expanding and enriching the contents, channels and forms of environmental monitoring information disclosure, publicity and guidance, and public supervision; and further strengthening the fine particles, ultra-fine particles, toxic and harmful pollutants, persistent organic pollutants, environmental hormones, radioactive substances, etc More demands are put forward for monitoring and evaluation of indicators closely related to human health; higher expectations are put forward for effective prevention of ecological environmental risks and improvement of emergency monitoring response time of environmental emergencies.
Deep participation in global environmental governance is needed. Implementing international environmental conventions in the fields of greenhouse gases, ozone depleting substances, biodiversity, persistent organic pollutants, mercury, hazardous wastes and chemicals, and participating in the governance of emerging environmental problems such as global microplastics, marine hypoxia, radioactive pollution in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, polar glaciers and oceans, is an important way to highlight China's image as a responsible power and to enhance China's health As an important foundation of international discourse power in the field of environmental protection, it is necessary to accelerate the formation of monitoring support capacity in relevant fields, make up for the shortcomings, track the development and advance the layout.
We need to keep up with the international development trend. The development of eco-environmental monitoring management and operation system, network system and method standard system is closely related to environmental governance system and governance capacity. Developed countries generally adopt the mode of environmental department leading, hierarchical management, government supervision and social participation. Based on complete and effective laws and regulations, unified industry supervision as guarantee and information platform as support, the whole process quality management of monitoring institutions, personnel and monitoring activities is strengthened to ensure the quality of monitoring data. The monitoring network has generally covered all kinds of environmental elements such as atmosphere, water, ocean, soil, sound, radiation, ecology and so on. However, the monitoring frequency is low, and it is adjusted dynamically according to the environmental quality standard. The standard system of monitoring methods is relatively perfect, and the monitoring indicators cover physical, chemical, biological, ecological and related functional classification characteristics, which are matched with environmental quality standards and pollutant emission standards. We should strengthen the legal status of standard methods and the standard R & D capability of the national level, and carry out dynamic management of R & D reserves, inspection substitution, application assessment and so on, so as to maintain the advanced nature of the standard system. The application of new technologies such as Internet of things, big data and artificial intelligence is deepening. The analysis and testing methods are developing in the direction of automation, intelligence and informatization, and the monitoring accuracy is developing in the direction of trace and ultra trace analysis.
（3） Problem challenge
At present, the problems of eco-environmental monitoring in China are mainly manifested in two aspects: the overall lack of service supply and the need to improve the support level
A unified ecological environment monitoring system has not yet been formed. Marine environmental protection, preparation of water function zoning, management of sewage outlets, water environment protection of river basin, supervision and prevention of groundwater pollution, supervision and guidance of agricultural non-point source pollution control, response to climate change and emission reduction were transferred to our department, but the relevant monitoring support capacity was relatively weak. The barriers of communication and consultation among departments have not been completely broken through, and the monitoring information sharing is not sufficient. In the reform of vertical management of eco-environmental monitoring below the provincial level, the modes and progress of each region are quite different, and the radiation environmental monitoring work tends to be weakened.
There is insufficient support for the refinement of pollution prevention and control. The coverage and index items of the existing monitoring network can not fully meet the needs of eco-environmental quality assessment, assessment and early warning. The monitoring network layout of surface water, groundwater and ocean needs to be integrated and optimized. The collaborative monitoring capacity of water resources, water environment and water ecology is insufficient. The ecological monitoring network needs to be strengthened. The monitoring work of agricultural non-point sources and rural water sources has just started. The construction of big data platform and the in-depth application level of monitoring data such as pollution tracing analysis need to be improved.
Laws and standards need to be improved. The current laws and regulations on the nature, status, role and management system of ecological environment monitoring need to be improved
2） Situation demand
It is necessary to comprehensively assist the construction of ecological civilization. The new round of Party and state institutional reform has made it clear that the Ministry of ecology and environment should exercise the responsibility of supervision and administrative law enforcement of various types of pollution discharge in ecology and urban and rural areas. It is required to focus on strengthening the monitoring and evaluation function of ecological environment, comprehensively implement the monitoring of groundwater, water functional areas, river (SEA) sewage outlets, marine, agricultural non-point sources and greenhouse gases, and establish a corresponding ecological environment monitoring system. At the same time, the gradual improvement of ecological civilization construction system and mechanism, the in-depth implementation of green development policy and the continuous enhancement of scientific and technological innovation strength have released the dividends of rule of law, policy and technology for the continuous deepening of ecological environment monitoring reform and innovation.
It is necessary to accurately support pollution prevention and control. Eco environmental monitoring is the basic basis for objective evaluation of eco-environmental quality, reflecting the effect of pollution control, and implementing eco-environmental management and decision-making. At present, it is in the important stage of "three phases superposition" of pollution prevention and control. In order to achieve the goal of fundamental improvement of ecological environment quality in 2035, we need to strengthen efforts to solve the prominent ecological environmental problems such as heavy polluted weather, black and smelly water, garbage besieged city, ecological damage, etc., and systematically prevent regional, layout and structural environmental risks, so as to accelerate the development of ecological environment monitoring business and technology R & D, indicator accounting, standard formulation, information integration and data analysis further improve the timeliness, foresight and accuracy of monitoring and technical support.
We need to constantly meet the new expectations of the people. The urgent needs of the public for a healthy environment and beautiful ecology are increasing day by day, which puts forward higher and more detailed requirements for further expanding and enriching the contents, channels and forms of environmental monitoring information disclosure, publicity and guidance, and public supervision; and further strengthening the fine particles, ultra-fine particles, toxic and harmful pollutants, persistent organic pollutants, environmental hormones, radioactive substances, etc More demands are put forward for monitoring and evaluation of indicators closely related to human health; higher expectations are put forward for effective prevention of ecological environmental risks and improvement of emergency monitoring response time of environmental emergencies.
Deep participation in global environmental governance is needed. Implementing international environmental conventions in the fields of greenhouse gases, ozone depleting substances, biodiversity, persistent organic pollutants, mercury, hazardous wastes and chemicals, and participating in the governance of emerging environmental problems such as global microplastics, marine hypoxia, radioactive pollution in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, polar glaciers and oceans, is an important way to highlight China's image as a responsible power and to enhance China's health As an important foundation of international discourse power in the field of environmental protection, it is necessary to accelerate the formation of monitoring support capacity in relevant fields, make up for the shortcomings, track the development and advance the layout.
We need to keep up with the international development trend. The development of eco-environmental monitoring management and operation system, network system and method standard system is closely related to environmental governance system and governance capacity. Developed countries generally adopt the mode of environmental department leading, hierarchical management, government supervision and social participation. Based on complete and effective laws and regulations, unified industry supervision as guarantee and information platform as support, the whole process quality management of monitoring institutions, personnel and monitoring activities is strengthened to ensure the quality of monitoring data. The monitoring network has generally covered all kinds of environmental elements such as atmosphere, water, ocean, soil, sound, radiation, ecology and so on. However, the monitoring frequency is low, and it is adjusted dynamically according to the environmental quality standard. The standard system of monitoring methods is relatively perfect, and the monitoring indicators cover physical, chemical, biological, ecological and related functional classification characteristics, which are matched with environmental quality standards and pollutant emission standards. We should strengthen the legal status of standard methods and the standard R & D capability of the national level, and carry out dynamic management of R & D reserves, inspection substitution, application assessment and so on, so as to maintain the advanced nature of the standard system. The application of new technologies such as Internet of things, big data and artificial intelligence is deepening. The analysis and testing methods are developing in the direction of automation, intelligence and informatization, and the monitoring accuracy is developing in the direction of trace and ultra trace analysis.
（3） Problem challenge
At present, the problems of eco-environmental monitoring in China are mainly manifested in two aspects: the overall lack of service supply and the need to improve the support level
A unified ecological environment monitoring system has not yet been formed. Marine environmental protection, preparation of water function zoning, management of sewage outlets, water environment protection of river basin, supervision and prevention of groundwater pollution, supervision and guidance of agricultural non-point source pollution control, response to climate change and emission reduction were transferred to our department, but the relevant monitoring support capacity was relatively weak. The barriers of communication and consultation among departments have not been completely broken through, and the monitoring information sharing is not sufficient. In the reform of vertical management of eco-environmental monitoring below the provincial level, the modes and progress of each region are quite different, and the radiation environmental monitoring work tends to be weakened.
There is insufficient support for the refinement of pollution prevention and control. The coverage and index items of the existing monitoring network can not fully meet the needs of eco-environmental quality assessment, assessment and early warning. The monitoring network layout of surface water, groundwater and ocean needs to be integrated and optimized. The collaborative monitoring capacity of water resources, water environment and water ecology is insufficient. The ecological monitoring network needs to be strengthened. The monitoring work of agricultural non-point sources and rural water sources has just started. The construction of big data platform and the in-depth application level of monitoring data such as pollution tracing analysis need to be improved.
Laws and standards need to be improved. The current laws and regulations on the nature, status, role and management system of ecological environment monitoring need to be improved
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